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Refrences

Notes

(1) Gulf Cooperation Council involvement in offshore Arab media industries is extensive (Alterman 1999, 1998a., 1998b.; Kennedy 1999; Sakr 2002, 1999, 1998; Idris 1999; Schleifer 1998; Ragab 1993).

(2) See, for example, Van Zoonen, Liesbet and Jan Wieten, "It Wasn't Exactly a Miracle: The Arrival of Television in a Dutch Village." Media Culture and Society, 16(4): 641-659, 1994.

(3) MBC's commitment to football coverage remains firm: they were the only channel in the world to cover every match of the 1998 World Cup.

(4) For a detailed discussion of censorship and self-censorship among Arab satellite channels, see Sakr 2000.

(5) Al Jazeera's London bureau has since moved to a larger site on London's Embankment.

(6) Sakr in-depth meta-analysis draws similar conclusions, arguing that Arab satellite television industries reflect convergences of interest rather than the disjunctures commonly associated with globalization (2001: 64-65).