Back to Paper

References:

ADD [Arab Digital Distribution] (2001) "Al-Awael 'sold out' across Middle East," Dubai: Arab Digital Distribution press release, June 13th.

Alterman, Jon B. (1998) New Media, New Politics? From Satellite Television to the Internet in the Arab World, Washington DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy.

Amin, Hussein and Boyd, Douglas (1994) "The development of direct broadcast television to and within the Middle East," Journal of South Asian and Middle East Studies, Vol. XVIII (2), Winter, pp 37-50

ArabAd (2002) "Where should the ads go? TV or print?" in ArabAd, Vol. 12, No 8, September, pp 24-31. Belchi,

Jean-Marc (2002) "Evolution of TV Viewing in the Middle East 1996-2000." Paper presented to the conference on New Media and Change in the Arab World. Amman: Konrad Adenauer Foundation, February 28th-March 1st.

Blumler,Jay. G. (1992) "New roles for public service television," in J. G. Blumler (ed..) Television and the Public Interest: Vulnerable Values in West European Broadcasting, London: Sage Publications, pp. 202-217.

Bounajem, Michel (1998) "A surprising media merger," Arabies Trends, No 12, September, p.54.

Boyd, Douglas (1998) "Saudi Arabia's international media strategy: influence through multinational ownership." Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Baltimore, MA, August.

Butter, David (1999) "A hint of Florida comes to Cairo," Middle East Economic Digest, April 2°d, p.8

Cassy, John (2002) "Death of the American dreams," The Guardian, July 30th, p.18.

Congdon, Tim (1992) "Policy questions in British broadcasting," in T. Congdon et al., Paying for Broadcasting: The Handbook. London: Routledge, pp.x-xxii

Dajani, Nabil (1999) "The confessional scene in Lebanese television." Paper presented at the seminar on "Islam on TV," Copenhagen: Carsten Niebuhr Institute, December 12th.

El-Nawawy, Mohammed and Iskandar, Adel (2002) A1 Jazeera: How the Free Arab News Network Scooped the World and Changed the Middle East, Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 17

Eutelsat (2002) "The cable and satellite TV market 2001," online at eutelsat.com, accessed October 11th.

Farah, May (2002) "Together we are stronger," Gulf Marketing Review, March, pp.56-59.

Firmano-Fontan, Victoria (2002) "Al-Manar's narrative in a post 9/11 context." Paper presented to the conference on Media Representation of Islamic Societies and War, Falmer: University of Sussex, July 1st.

Garnham, Nicholas and Locksley, Gareth (1991) "The economics of broadcasting," in J. G. Blumler and T. J. Nossiter (ed.s) Broadcasting Finance in Transition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.8-22.

Ghareeb, Edmund (2000) "New media and the information revolution in the Arab world: an assessment," Middle East Journal, Vol. 54, No. 3, Summer, pp.395-418.

Goodwin, Peter (1998) "Concentration: does the digital revolution change the basic rules of media economics," in R. Picard (Ed) Evolving Media Markets: Effects of Economic and Policy Changes, Turku: Economic Research Foundation for Mass Communication, pp.173-89.

Hamdy, Naila (2002) "A dream TV come true," Transnational Broadcasting Studies (tbsjournal.com), No.8, Spring/Summer at http://www.tbsjournal.com/sirhan.html

Herman, Edward and McChesney, Robert (1997) The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism, London: Cassell.

Kawach, Nadim (2002) "Arab states need to speed up reforms," Gulf News, August 4th.

Micklethwait, John (1989) 'The entertainment industry" (supplement), in The Economist, 23rd December.

Miege, Bernard (1989) The Capitalization of Cultural Production, New York: International General.

Neuman, W. Russell (1991) The Future of the Mass Audience, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Picard, Robert G. (2000) "Audience fragmentation as an economic problem for broadcasters." Paper presented to the seminar on Digitalisation and the Political Economy of Broadcasting, London: Finnish Institute, September 11th.

Ryan, Bill (1991) Making Capital from Culture, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter & Co.

Sakr, Naomi (2001 a) Satellite Realms: Transnational Television, Globalization and the Middle East, London: I B Tauris.

Sakr, Naomi (2001b) "Contested blueprints for Egypt's satellite channels," Gazette, Vol. 63 (2-3), May, pp. 149-167.

Sullivan, Sarah (2002) "Interview with Mohamed Dourrachad, deputy director of Abu Dhabi Television," Transnational Broadcasting Studies (tbsjounral.com) No. 8 Spring/Summer at http://www.tbsjournal.com/dourrachad.html

Sullivan, Sarah (2001) "ART relaunches as 'total entertainment solution'." Transnational Broadcasting Studies (tbsjoumal.com), No. 6, Spring/Summer at http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Spring01/ART.html

The Economist (2000) "Endemol: The reality after the show," September 14th, pp.73-74.

Vincent, Andrew (1987) Theories of the State, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Winston, Brian (1994) "Public service in the New Broadcasting Age," in S. Hood (ed.) Behind the Screens: The Structure of British Television, London: Lawrence &Wishart, pp.20-42.